Np mrd loader

Record Information
Version1.0
Created at2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Updated at2020-11-24 22:14:10 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0000269
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common NameL-Homocystine
DescriptionHomocystine is the double-bonded form of homocysteine, but it occurs only transiently before being converted to the harmless cystathionine via a vitamin B6-dependent enzyme. Homocystine and homocysteine-cysteine mixed disulfide account for >98% of total homocysteine in plasma from healthy individuals (PMID 11592966 ). Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is thought to be a major factor in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Elevated plasma homocysteine is an accepted risk factor for atherosclerosis, and may act through LDL oxidation, although this is controversial. However, the major thiol in plasma is cysteine, which is present at concentrations approximately 10 times greater than homocysteine; therefore homocystine in plasma is insignificant, and consequently homocystine is unlikely to influence LDL oxidation in vivo (PMID 14732479 ). Increasing evidence supports a role for an elevation of homocysteine in schizophrenia. It has been demonstrated that neural tube defects are related to a genetic defect in homocysteine metabolism. Sufficient intake of folic acid is believed to reduce this risk by enhancing methylation of homocysteine and its conversion to methionine, thereby compensating for this genetic defect (homocystinuria). Plasma homocysteine levels are elevated when folate levels are in the lower half of the normal range (PMID 16143442 ).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
4,4'-Dithiobis(2-aminobutyric acid)HMDB
4,4'-Dithiobis-2-amino-L-butyrateHMDB
4,4'-Dithiobis-2-amino-L-butyric acidHMDB
[S-(R*,r*)]-4,4'-dithiobis-2-amino-butanoateHMDB
[S-(R*,r*)]-4,4'-dithiobis-2-amino-butanoic acidHMDB
2-Amino-4-{[(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]disulfanyl}butanoateHMDB
2-Amino-4-{[(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]disulphanyl}butanoateHMDB
2-Amino-4-{[(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]disulphanyl}butanoic acidHMDB
Chemical FormulaC8H16N2O4S2
Average Mass268.3540 Da
Monoisotopic Mass268.05515 Da
IUPAC Name2-amino-4-{[(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]disulfanyl}butanoic acid
Traditional Name2-amino-4-{[(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]disulfanyl}butanoic acid
CAS Registry Number626-72-2
SMILES
NC(CCSSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C8H16N2O4S2/c9-5(7(11)12)1-3-15-16-4-2-6(10)8(13)14/h5-6H,1-4,9-10H2,(H,11,12)(H,13,14)/t5-,6?/m0/s1
InChI KeyZTVZLYBCZNMWCF-ZBHICJROSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor EmailDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, 5%_DMSO, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Predicted Spectra
Not Available
Chemical Shift Submissions
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor IDDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, simulated)V.dorna832021-08-10View Spectrum
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Anas platyrhynchosFooDB
AnatidaeFooDB
Anser anserFooDB
Bison bisonFooDB
Bos taurusFooDB
Bos taurus X Bison bisonFooDB
Bubalus bubalisFooDB
Capra aegagrus hircusFooDB
CervidaeFooDB
Cervus canadensisFooDB
ColumbaFooDB
ColumbidaeFooDB
Dromaius novaehollandiaeFooDB
Equus caballusFooDB
Gallus gallusFooDB
Lagopus mutaFooDB
LeporidaeFooDB
Lepus timidusFooDB
Melanitta fuscaFooDB
Meleagris gallopavoFooDB
Numida meleagrisFooDB
OdocoileusFooDB
OryctolagusFooDB
Ovis ariesFooDB
PhasianidaeFooDB
Phasianus colchicusFooDB
Struthio camelusFooDB
Sus scrofaFooDB
Sus scrofa domesticaFooDB
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentL-alpha-amino acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • L-alpha-amino acid
  • Thia fatty acid
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Fatty acyl
  • Fatty acid
  • Amino acid
  • Organic disulfide
  • Dialkyldisulfide
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Sulfenyl compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Organosulfur compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Amine
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point300 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.2 mg/mL at 25 °CNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility4.5 g/LALOGPS
logP-4.2ALOGPS
logP-5.3ChemAxon
logS-1.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)1.8ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.8ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area126.64 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count9ChemAxon
Refractivity64.38 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability26.92 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
HMDB IDHMDB0000676
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB022176
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID62590
KEGG Compound IDC01817
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkHomocystine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound69382
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID89698
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
General References
  1. Haurani FI, Hall CA, Rubin R: Megaloblastic anemia as a result of an abnormal transcobalamin II (Cardeza). J Clin Invest. 1979 Nov;64(5):1253-9. [PubMed:500809 ]
  2. Tomaiuolo M, Vecchione G, Grandone E, Cocomazzi N, Casetta B, Di Minno G, Margaglione M: A new method for determination of plasma homocystine by isotope dilution and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2006 Sep 14;842(1):64-9. Epub 2006 Jun 19. [PubMed:16787765 ]
  3. Dudman NP, Guo XW, Crooks R, Xie L, Silberberg JS: Assay of plasma homocysteine: light sensitivity of the fluorescent 7-benzo-2-oxa-1, 3-diazole-4-sulfonic acid derivative, and use of appropriate calibrators. Clin Chem. 1996 Dec;42(12):2028-32. [PubMed:8969644 ]
  4. Kurczynski TW, Muir WA, Fleisher LD, Palomaki JF, Gaull GE, Rassin DK, Abramowsky C: Maternal homocystinuria: studies of an untreated mother and fetus. Arch Dis Child. 1980 Sep;55(9):721-3. [PubMed:7436540 ]
  5. Magera MJ, Lacey JM, Casetta B, Rinaldo P: Method for the determination of total homocysteine in plasma and urine by stable isotope dilution and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem. 1999 Sep;45(9):1517-22. [PubMed:10471655 ]
  6. Sengupta S, Wehbe C, Majors AK, Ketterer ME, DiBello PM, Jacobsen DW: Relative roles of albumin and ceruloplasmin in the formation of homocystine, homocysteine-cysteine-mixed disulfide, and cystine in circulation. J Biol Chem. 2001 Dec 14;276(50):46896-904. Epub 2001 Oct 9. [PubMed:11592966 ]
  7. Nakano E, Williamson MP, Williams NH, Powers HJ: Copper-mediated LDL oxidation by homocysteine and related compounds depends largely on copper ligation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004 Jan 20;1688(1):33-42. [PubMed:14732479 ]
  8. Brown AS, Susser ES: Homocysteine and schizophrenia: from prenatal to adult life. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Sep;29(7):1175-80. [PubMed:16143442 ]